Electronic Olfaction and Advanced Gas Sensing for Exposomics: Classification of Human Biosamples from Different Geographic Areas

This study investigates the potential of electronic olfaction technology and advanced gas sensors as novel tools for digital fingerprinting of the human volatilome in biomonitoring applications. The SPYROX e-nose, enhanced with a hardware add-on to enrich sensors’ responses, is adopted for the direct assessment of biological exposure. Guided by the exposome concept, the experimental approach aims to the classification of urine samples from healthy young subjects residing in two areas of Southern Italy with contrasting environmental conditions (high vs. low pollution). The promising classification accuracy of 83% demonstrates that a low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use device serves as an effective solution for analyzing complex biological samples. This highlights the potential of the SPYROX e-nose to complement traditional biomonitoring methods, identify at-risk populations, and support public health interventions by linking environmental conditions to molecular health indicators.