Interaction quench dynamics and stability of quantum vortices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

We theoretically investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum vortices in a two-dimensional rotating Bose-Einstein condensate following an interaction quench. Using an ab initio and numerically exact quantum many-body approach, we systematically tune the interplay between interaction strength and angular velocity to prepare quantum vortices in various configurations and examine their postquench dynamics. Our study reveals distinct dynamical regimes: first, vortex distortion accompanied by density cloud fragmentation, matching the initial vortex number, and second, vortex revival, where fragmented densities interact and merge. Notably, we observe complete vortex revival dynamics in the single-vortex case, pseudorevival in double- and triple-vortex configurations, and irregular many-body dynamics in systems with multiple vortices. The observed dynamics is analyzed by the measures of many-body information entropy dynamics establishing the key role played by the dynamical fragmentation and delocalization in Fock space. Our results reveal a universal out-of-equilibrium response of quantum vortices to interaction quenches, highlighting the importance of many-body effects with a possible exploration in quantum simulation with ultracold quantum fluids.