Automatic Large-Scale Precise Mapping and Monitoring of Agricultural Fields at Country Level with Sentinel-2 SITS

Availability of multitemporal (MT) images, such as the sentinel-2 (S2) ones, offers accurate spatial, spectral and temporal information to effectively monitor vegetation, more specifically agriculture. Agricultural practices can benefit from temporally dense satellite image time series (SITS) for accurate understanding of the phenological evolution and behavior of crops. Developing techniques that deal with high spatial correlation and high temporal resolution requires a shift in the processing paradigm and poses new challenges in terms of data processing and methodology. This article presents an automatic approach to large-scale precise mapping of small agricultural fields based on the analysis of S2-SITS at Country level. The approach deals with a flexible and automatic processing chain for massive data and was tested at Country level. The large-scale application requires to consider: the management of big amount of data with particular attention to download and pre-processing of S2-SITS; and MT fine characterization of crop fields accounting for the strong variability in size and phenological behaviors when mapping at large scale. Both challenges are addressed in an automatic way by exploiting and/or updating state-of-the-art methodologies. Promising results have been obtained and validated over 2017 and 2018 agrarian years for Italy.