Deep Neural Decision Forests

We present a novel approach to enrich classification trees with the representation learning ability of deep (neural) networks within an end-to-end trainable architecture. We combine these two worlds via a stochastic and differentiable decision tree model, which steers the formation of latent representations within the hidden layers of a deep network. The proposed model differs from conventional deep networks in that a decision forest provides the final predictions and it differs from conventional decision forests by introducing a principled, joint and global optimization of split and leaf node parameters. Our approach compares favourably to other state-of-the-art deep models on a large-scale image classification task like ImageNet.